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Forms are used to capture input from the user. The input of a form is usually receive by a server side program which will receive the input from the form and can then process the data. In the <input> tag you define via the "type" attribute defines the expected type. HTML5 defines lots of possible types, unfortunately currently most of them are not supported by most browsers. If a browser doesn't recognize a certain type it will assume text. So it is save to use the types. Here is a form with some input fields.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>A form</title> </head> <body> <form action="http://vogellatodo.appspot.com/save.php" method="post"> <!-- Simple text field --> <label for="text">Name </label> <input type="text" name="input"/> <br/> <!-- Textarea --> <label for="textarea">Description </label> <textarea name="area" cols="50" rows="5">Type your comment here</textarea> <br/> <!-- Two checkboxes --> <label for="checkbox1">Linux </label> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox1" value= "1"/> <br/> <label for="checkbox2">Windows </label> <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox2" value= "2" checked="checked"/> <br/> <!-- Radiobutton --> <label for="r1"> Linux </label> <input type="radio" name="radio" value= "r1"/> <br/> <label for="r2">Windows </label> <input type="radio" name="radio" value= "r2" checked="checked"/> <br/> <!-- Select Options --> <select name="Browser"> <option selected="selected"> Firefox </option> <option> Internet Explorer</option> <option>Chrome </option> </select> <br/> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Send Request"/> </form> </body> </html>